Site icon LucidQuest Ventures

Oncolytic viruses: From promise to reality

Oncolytic Virus Treatments

The countless cytotoxic effects of traditional chemotherapy have created the need for novel treatments for cancer. Oncolytic virus therapy (OV) is a gene therapy that combines the benefits of immunotherapy. It is already counting four marketed products, over fifty assets in clinical trials, and many more at the preclinical stage. 

The technology behind oncolytic viruses

When administered to any cancer patient, an OV replicates and lyses the malignant cells without inflicting any harm on the healthy ones. Various genetic engineering tools are used to modify the viral DNA/RNA to delete the virulent genes rendering them non-pathogenic; and to incorporate transgenes such as cytokines (GM-CSF, Interferon-γ, TNFα), chemokines (CCL4, CXCL 9, CXCL10, CXCL12), checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PDL1, CTLA-4, TIGIT), CAR-T and suicide genes (HSV-TK) making the cell killing stronger and more specific. Low doses of cytotoxic and radioactive drugs can also be carried by the OV to deliver them directly into the tumor.

The most widely used virus types in the development of oncolytic vectors are herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus, and vaccinia. However, reovirus, Newcastle Disease virus (NDV), coxsackie A virus, and rabbit pox virus are becoming increasingly common.

HSV was widely used because of the relatively large, double-stranded, linear DNA genome, which made it easier to alter. Currently, most OV products use oncolytic adenovirus and unmodified reovirus. 

Evolving Oncolytic viruses landscape

Below we discuss the approved treatments in different regions and the products already in the pipeline. 

Approved products in the oncolytic viruses space

Oncolytic Virus Treatments: Notable players in the space

Ongoing research will result in therapies for various types of cancer. The tables below summarize the current situation by presenting the products under clinical development (HSV, adenovirus, vaccinia and other viruses are already in the pipeline) and the breakthrough therapies we expect within the next three years.

Table 1: Oncolytic herpes simplex virus products in pipeline

 

Table 2: Oncolytic adenovirus products in pipeline

 

Table 3: Oncolytic vaccinia virus products in pipeline

 

Table 4: Other oncolytic virus products in pipeline

 

Table 5: Oncolytic virotherapies soon coming to the market

 

Potential benefits of oncolytic virotherapy

Oncolytic virotherapy brings to the table the following desired features that promise to improve cancer treatment.

Challenges of oncolytic virus-based therapies

While this viral therapy addresses certain patients’ unmet needs, it has limitations regarding adverse effects, intratumoral penetration, types of cancer it treats, cost, patient burden, and virulence control. 

Oncolytic virus treatments: Future Prospects and Opportunities 

With the discovery of new oncolytic virus vectors, innovative strategies are being used to counter the disadvantages of previous generations of oncolytic viral vectors. Scientists now focus on new concepts for more efficient targeting and explore lower-cost solutions. 

For example, researchers continue to work on different engineering techniques to target tumors with certain mutations (PD1, CTLA4)

At the same time, they explore the reduction of manufacturing costs by using vector types that require fewer modifications. For example, unmodified OV (REOLYSIN, Pelareorep) is non-pathogenic to humans and is being used without any genetic modification, thereby reducing overall manufacturing costs.

With the currently approved products in this space, and the significant number of new assets in the pipeline, the future for oncolytic virus treatments for types of resistant and recurrent cancers, including cold tumors, seems bright.

 

Do you want to stay updated on oncolytic virotherapy and other latest cancer treatment options?

Contact us and gain best-in-class market insights. Learn how we help you make informed decisions.

 

#oncolyticvirotherapy #cancertreatment #cancerresearch #oncolyticvirus #oncology

 

Sources:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589713/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4918352/ 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32078405/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32170083/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7509414/

https://purplebooksearch.fda.gov/results?query=Talimogene%20laherparepvec&title=Imlygic

https://replimune.com/our-science/

https://www.cgoncology.com/technology/#overview

https://www.candeltx.com/pipeline/

https://www.oncolyticsbiotech.com/technology

https://www.oncorus.com/our-technology/

https://www.targovax.com/en/oncos-oncolyctic-virus/

https://www.daiichisankyo.com/files/news/pressrelease/pdf/202111/20211101_E.pdf

https://www.transgene.fr/en/technology/

https://www.genelux.com/overview/

https://www.istarioncology.com/science/lerapoleturev-moa

https://www.dnatrix.com/pipeline/

 

 

Exit mobile version